Polar Law Symposium 2013 - Akureyri and Reykjavík

ABOUT THE SYMPOSIUM 

The Sixth Polar Law Symposium was held both at the University of Akureyri and with breakout sessions at the Arctic Circle Assembly in Reykjavík where leading experts in the field of Polar Law and Arctic Governance were brought together. The symposium covered a wide variety of topics relating to the Arctic and Antarctic. Topics includes:  Arctic Politics and Law, The Arctic Council and Arctic Governance,  Management of Resources, Civil-Military Operations in the Arctic- Past, Present, Future, Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS), The Implication of Private investment in the Arctic, Human Rights, Law of the Sea, Indigenous Peoples' Rights, Antarctica and Arctic Resource Development: What Practitioners and Academics can teach each other.  

THE 2013 POLAR LAW SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM

OPENING SESSION (AKUREYRI)

Chair: Gudmundur Alfredsson, Professor, University of Akureyri

Timo Koivurova, Professor, University of Lapland: The Making of the Arctic HumanDevelopment Report II: the Relevance of Law in the Arctic

Michael Byers, Professor, University of British Columbia: Is International Law inthe Arctic Fundamentally Different from International Law Elsewhere?

PLENARY SESSION ON ARCTIC POLITICS AND LAW - NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND THE ROLE OF THE ARCTIC COUNCIL, (AKUREYRI)

Session Organizer and Chair: Natalia Loukacheva, First Visiting Nansen Professor of Arctic Studies, University of Akureyri

Stewart Wheeler, Ambassador of Canada to Iceland: Canada’s Priorities and Perspectives during the Chairmanship of the Arctic Council

Dag Wernø Holter, Ambassador of Norway in Iceland: Norwegian Perspectives on the Arctic and the Arctic Council

Tomas Orri Ragnarsson, Counsellor, Arctic Affairs, Directorate for International and Security Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iceland: Icelandic Perspectives on the Arctic and the Arctic Council

Magnús Jóhannesson, Director, Arctic Council Secretariat, Tromsø: New Developments – the Arctic Council Secretariat

Anton Vasiliev, Ambassador at Large, Senior Arctic Official, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Federation: Recent Agreements under the Auspices of the Arctic Council – a New Chapter in Polar Law                                

PANEL ON THE ARCTIC COUNCIL AND ARCTIC GOVERNANCE (AKUREYRI)

Chair: Agust Thor Arnason, Law Faculty Dean, University of Akureyri

Alyson Bailes, Professor, University of Iceland: Small Nations in the Wider Arctic Space - Their Challenges, Options and Contributions

Maria Ackrén, Associate Professor in Political Science, Ilisimatusarfik - University of Greenland: Paradiplomacy in Greenland

Cécile Pelaudeix, Lecturer, Sciences Po, Lyon, and Research Associate PACTESciences Po, Grenoble: A Critical Study of Arctic Governance Analysis

Yoshinobu Takei, Research Associate at the Walther Schücking Institute for International Law, University of Kiel: The Role of the Arctic Council in the Development of International Law - Past, Present and Future

Irina Zhilina, MA-graduate in Polar Law, University of Akureyri: Early Notification of Nuclear Accidents in the Arctic: Case-Study in the Barents Sea

PANEL ON MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES (AKUREYRI)

Chair: Kees Bastmeijer, Professor, University of Tilburg

Bent Ole Gram Mortensen, Professor, Department of Law, University of Southern Denmark, Odense: Exploiting Hydro Power in Greenland - Climate, Security of Supply, Environmental Risks and Energy Incentive Industries

Katja Göcke, Institute for International Law and European Law, Georg-August University of Göttingen: Co-Management of Renewable Natural Resources in the Arctic Regions of North America

Antje Neumann, Researcher at University of Akureyri and PhD-Candidate at University of Tilburg: The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in the Context of Wilderness Protection and Management in the Arctic

PANEL ON CIVIL-MILITARY OPERATIONS IN THE ARCTIC - PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE (AKUREYRI)

Session Organizer and Chair: Robert Wheelersburg

Valur Ingimundarson, Professor of Contemporary History, University of Iceland: Western Cold War: Crisis in Iceland's Relations with Britain, the United States, and NATO

Stacey Fritz, Anthropologist/Subsistence Specialist, Bureau of Land Management, Arctic Field Office, Fairbanks, Alaska: DEW Line Passage - Tracing the Legacies of Militarization in the Western Arctic

Robert Wheelersburg, Professor of International Studies, Elizabethtown College: Militarization in the Barents Region and its Effects on Indigenous and Northern Residents

Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv, Associate Professor of Political Science, Tromsö University: Security at the Poles – Civil Military Operations in the Arctic and Antarctic

Kristian Søby Kristensen, Senior Researcher in Military Studies, Copenhagen University: Integration of Indigenous Peoples in Broader Notions of State Security in the Arctic 

PANEL ON ASSOCIATION OF POLAR EARLY CAREER SCIENTISTS (APECS) (AKUREYRI)

Since military officers began exploring the Arctic during the past few centuries, States have deployed forces to establish sovereignty over the region. At the same time those military forces interacted with indigenous peoples and northern residents through such activities as relocating the Greenlandic Inuit village of Thule to creating economic development along the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line in Canada and Alaska. This session seeks to examine past and current civil-military operations to understand how existing international laws and treaties influenced their nature. With Russia, Canada, Denmark, Norway and the U.S. expanding military presence in the Arctic to establish sovereignty such studies could provide models for how to reduce problems like cultural imperialism, environmental damage, and dependency.

Session organized by Michael Laiho, Ph.D candidate, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland and others: Developing an International Polar Research Team as an Early Career Scientist, with the following main themes: Experiences with Research Project Developing, National and International Cooperation, Funding Research and Activities, and Challenges of Research Projects in Practice

PANEL ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN THE ARCTIC, INCLUDING MULTINATIONALS AND NAVIGATION IN THE MANY DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGIMES (AKUREYRI)

 Chair: Director Arngrimur Johannsson

Níels Einarsson, Director, Stefansson Arctic Institute, University of Akureyri, and Peter Th Ørebech, Law Professor, University of Tromsö: Privatizing the People's Property - Legal Problems and Social Implications of a Trend in Arctic Governance

Rutherford Hubbard, Integrity Promoting Officer, Senior Consultant, TISL: Risk Management Strategies and New Approaches to Corporate Compliance in the Arctic

Nengye Liu, Marie Curie Fellow, School of Law, University of Dundee: The European Union, China and the Governance of Arctic Shipping - A Comparative Study

Mark Stoller, PhD candidate, University of British Columbia: Energy Companies and the Development of International Cooperation in the Arctic

Michael John Laiho, Ph.D candidate, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland: In the Absence of Law: What are the Current Systems of Rules regulating Arctic Oil and Gas Exploration and How do we Stop the Impending Crises?’’

 

PANEL ON HUMAN RIGHTS (AKUREYRI)

Chair: Rachael Lorna Johnstone, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Akureyri

Kári á Rógvi, Member of Parliament, Faroe Islands: West-Nordic Constitutional Review

Kristin Henrard, Professor, Faculty of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam: Integration related research - title to be confirmed

Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv, Associate Professor of Political Science, Tromsö University: Oil and Gas and Human Security/Human Rights

Victoria Sweet, Executive Editor, Michigan State International Law Review, and Legal Fellow, Indigenous Law & Policy Center: Rising Waters, Rising Threats: Human Trafficking and Other Gender-Related Crimes in the Circumpolar Region of the United States and Canada

PANEL ON LAW OF THE SEA (AKUREYRI)

Chair: Níels Einarsson, Director, Stefansson Arctic Institute, University of Akureyri

Richard Caddell, Senior Lecturer in Law, Swansea University: Regulating the Whale Wars: Freedom of Protest, Navigational Safety and the Law of the Sea in the Polar Regions

Martin Mennecke: Science or No Science - That is the Question - Australia, Japan and Whaling before the International Court of Justice

Marta Sobrido, Senior Lecturer in Public International Law and European Union Law , University of A Coruña:The Spanish Fisheries on the Arctic Waters - the Allocation of New Fishing Opportunities

Bianca Tiantian Zhang, LL.M-graduate in Polar Law, University of Akureyri: US Marine Enclosure in the Arctic and its Influence on Arctic Ocean Governance

PANEL ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS (AKUREYRI)

Chair: Kristin Henrard, Professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam

Kamrul Hossain, Researcher, Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland: Does International Human Rights Law Effectively Guarantee the Protection of the Collective Right to Culture of Indigenous Peoples?

 Leena Heinämäki, Research Fellow, Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, and Thora Martina Herrmann, Associated Professor, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal:Reclaiming the Sacred - Sacred Natural Sites of Indigenous Peoples in the Circumpolar Arctic as a Right to Cultural Integrity in Human Rights Law

Maxim Zadorin, International Law and Comparative Legal Studies Department, Law Institute, NArFU, Arkhangelsk: Limitations on Traditional Activities of Arctic Indigenous Numerically-Small Peoples in Russia

Mara Kimmel, PhD Candidate, Central European University: Land, Governance and Well-Being - An Alaskan Case Study

PLENARY SESSION ON LAW OF THE SEA (REYKJAVIK)

Chair: Bosse Hedberg, Ambassador of Sweden to Iceland

Tomas H. Heidar, Legal Adviser, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Iceland: The Icelandic Continental Shelf

Larry Mayer, Director, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, Co-Director, Joint Hydrographic Center, Professor of Earth Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire: Mapping the Continental Shelf in the Arctic

Bjarni Már Magnússon, Expert, School of Law, Reykjavik University: Is the United States Entitled to the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical Miles in the Arctic?

Erik Franckx, Professor, President of the Department of International and European Law, Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Law and Criminology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel: The Northern Sea Route Shipping Season 2013 - A First Assessment

Phil Steinberg, Professor of Geography, Florida State University, Professor of Political Geography, Durham University (from October 2013): Political and Legal Implications of Designating the Northwest Passage as Canadian Territorial Waters

PLENARY SESSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, INCLUDING ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND THE AARHUS CONVENTION (REYKJAVIK)

Chair: Timo Koivurova, Professor, University of Lapland

Simon Marsden, Associate Professor in Law, Law School, Flinders University, Adelaide: Developing the World Heritage Convention in the Arctic: Environmental Protection and Governance

Rachael Lorna Johnstone, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Akureyri: Invoking Responsibility for Environmental Injury in the Arctic Ocean

Sébastien Duyck, Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland:Arctic Carbon Reserves: a Duty NOT to Exploit one's Natural Resources?

PLENARY SESSION ON ANTARCTICA (REYKJAVIK)

Chair: Gunhild Hoogensen Gjørv, Associate Professor, Tromsö University

Kees Bastmeijer, Professor, University of Tilburg, and Tina Tin, Independent Polar Researcher: Antarctica – A Wilderness Continent for Science: The ‘Public’s Dream’ as a Mission Impossible?

Jeffrey Smith, PhD-Candidate, Faculty of Law, McGill University: Poles Apart: The State of International Law for Antarctica

Julia Jabour, Leader, Ocean and Antarctic Governance Research Program, Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania: Report from the 36th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in Brussels in May 2013 - Current and Future Issues. Announcement concerning the 7th Symposium on Polar Law inTasmania

PLENARY SESSION ON ARCTIC RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT PRACTITIONERS AND ACADEMICS CAN TEACH EACH OTHER (REYKJAVIK)

Organizer of session and Chair: Betsy Baker, Associate Professor, Vermont Law School

Participants from the Arctic Energy Summit and the Symposium on Polar Law will compare their conference outcomes, including:

  • Prioritizing the most pressing issues and research needs for their respective areas of Arctic resource development,
  • Ensuring that the best and most relevant information is used in resource decisions by all parties,
  • Integrating information about how energy development affects other Arctic resources, living and non-living, and
  • Creating opportunities for cooperation and exchange between industry, regulators, legal counselors, local and traditional knowledge holders and academic researchers.

Niels Einarsson, Director, Stefansson Arctic Institute, Iceland

Ted Rockwell, Alaska Regional Coordinator, Business Development, Energy and Environment, Battelle Memorial Institute, Former Senior Advisor, US Environmental Protection Agency

Mikhail Babenko, Oil & Gas Officer, WWF-Global Arctic Programme

Børre Johan Paaske, DNV Maritime and Oil & Gas, Safety Advisory, Det Norske Veritas (invited)